A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_URI::$config is deprecated

Filename: core/URI.php

Line Number: 101

Backtrace:

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Router::$uri is deprecated

Filename: core/Router.php

Line Number: 127

Backtrace:

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Blogs::$benchmark is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 82

Backtrace:

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/User.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/Blogs.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Blogs::$hooks is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 82

Backtrace:

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/User.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/Blogs.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Blogs::$config is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 82

Backtrace:

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/User.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/Blogs.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Blogs::$log is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 82

Backtrace:

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/User.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/Blogs.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Blogs::$utf8 is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 82

Backtrace:

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/User.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/Blogs.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Blogs::$uri is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 82

Backtrace:

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/User.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/Blogs.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Blogs::$exceptions is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 82

Backtrace:

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/User.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/Blogs.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Blogs::$router is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 82

Backtrace:

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/User.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/Blogs.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Blogs::$output is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 82

Backtrace:

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/User.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/Blogs.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Blogs::$security is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 82

Backtrace:

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/User.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/Blogs.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Blogs::$input is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 82

Backtrace:

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/User.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/Blogs.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Blogs::$lang is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 82

Backtrace:

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/User.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/Blogs.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Blogs::$db is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 396

Backtrace:

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/User.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/Blogs.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_DB_mysqli_driver::$failover is deprecated

Filename: database/DB_driver.php

Line Number: 371

Backtrace:

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/User.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/Blogs.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: Trying to access array offset on true

Filename: libraries/Email.php

Line Number: 978

Backtrace:

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/User.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/Blogs.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Blogs::$email is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 1283

Backtrace:

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/User.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/Blogs.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::close() should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::close(): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 295

Backtrace:

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/User.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/Blogs.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::read($session_id) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::read(string $id): string|false, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 169

Backtrace:

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/User.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/Blogs.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::write($session_id, $session_data) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::write(string $id, string $data): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 238

Backtrace:

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/User.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/Blogs.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::destroy($session_id) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::destroy(string $id): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 318

Backtrace:

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/User.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/Blogs.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::gc($maxlifetime) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::gc(int $max_lifetime): int|false, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 359

Backtrace:

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/User.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/Blogs.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 282

Backtrace:

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/User.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/Blogs.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: session_set_cookie_params(): Session cookie parameters cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 289

Backtrace:

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/User.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/Blogs.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 304

Backtrace:

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/User.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/Blogs.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 314

Backtrace:

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/User.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/Blogs.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 315

Backtrace:

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/User.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/Blogs.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 316

Backtrace:

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/User.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/Blogs.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 317

Backtrace:

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/User.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/Blogs.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 375

Backtrace:

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/User.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/Blogs.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: session_set_save_handler(): Session save handler cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 110

Backtrace:

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/User.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/Blogs.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: session_start(): Session cannot be started after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 143

Backtrace:

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/User.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/Blogs.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Blogs::$session is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 1283

Backtrace:

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/User.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/Blogs.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Blogs::$user_model is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 358

Backtrace:

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/User.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/Blogs.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$load is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/Blogs.php
Line: 234
Function: view

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$pgmodule is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/Blogs.php
Line: 234
Function: view

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$benchmark is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/Blogs.php
Line: 234
Function: view

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$hooks is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/Blogs.php
Line: 234
Function: view

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$config is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/Blogs.php
Line: 234
Function: view

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$log is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/Blogs.php
Line: 234
Function: view

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$utf8 is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/Blogs.php
Line: 234
Function: view

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$uri is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/Blogs.php
Line: 234
Function: view

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$exceptions is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/Blogs.php
Line: 234
Function: view

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$router is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/Blogs.php
Line: 234
Function: view

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$output is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/Blogs.php
Line: 234
Function: view

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$security is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/Blogs.php
Line: 234
Function: view

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$input is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/Blogs.php
Line: 234
Function: view

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$lang is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/Blogs.php
Line: 234
Function: view

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$db is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/Blogs.php
Line: 234
Function: view

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$email is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/application/controllers/Blogs.php
Line: 234
Function: view

File: /home1/biognosy/skmlhometuitions.in/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

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webMethods application development life cycle | Post Details - SKML Home Tuitions
webMethods application development life cycle
Sep 13, 2012 03:34 0 Comments WebMethods Neelima


DEFINITION: System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is the overall process of developing information systems through a multistep process from investigation of initial requirements through analysis, design, implementation and maintenance. 

There are many different models and methodologies, but each generally consists of a series of defined steps or stages. 

There are number of system development life cycle (SDLC) models like: waterfall, fountain, spiral, build and fix, rapid prototyping, incremental, and synchronize and stabilize. 

The oldest of these, and the best known, is the waterfall: a sequence of stages in which the output of each stage becomes the input for the next. These stages can be characterized and divided up in different ways, including the following: 

  • Project planning, feasibility study: Establishes a high-level view of the intended project and determines its goals.
  • Systems analysis, requirements definition: Refines project goals into defined functions and operation of the intended application. Analyzes end-user information needs.
  • Systems design: Describes desired features and operations in detail, including screen layouts, business rules, process diagrams, pseudo code and other documentation.
  • Implementation: The real code is written here.
  • Integration and testing: Brings all the pieces together into a special testing environment, then checks for errors, bugs and interoperability.
  • Acceptance, installation, deployment: The final stage of initial development, where the software is put into production and runs actual business.
  • Maintenance: What happens during the rest of the software's life: changes, correction, additions, moves to a different computing platform and more. This is most important step of all, goes on seemingly forever. 

The waterfall model is not as useful as it once was. It works very well when we are automating the activities of clerks and accountants. It doesn't work nearly as well, if at all, when building systems for knowledge workers -- people at help desks, experts trying to solve problems, or executives trying to lead their company. 

Another problem is that the waterfall model assumes that the only role for users is in specifying requirements, and that all requirements can be specified in advance. Unfortunately, requirements grow and change throughout the process and beyond, calling for considerable feedback and iterative consultation. Thus many other SDLC models have been developed. 


Fountain Model: The fountain model recognizes that although some activities can't start before others -- such as you need a design before you can start coding -- there's a considerable overlap of activities throughout the development cycle. 


Spiral Model: The spiral model emphasizes the need to go back and reiterate earlier stages a number of times as the project progresses. It's actually a series of short waterfall cycles, each producing an early prototype representing a part of the entire project. This approach helps demonstrate a proof of concept early in the cycle, and it more accurately reflects the disorderly, even chaotic evolution of technology. 


Build And Fix Model: Build and fix is the crudest of the methods. Write some code, and then keep modifying it until the customer is happy. Without planning, this is very open-ended and can by risky. 


Rapid Prototyping Model: In the rapid prototyping (sometimes called rapid application development) model, initial emphasis is on creating a prototype that looks and acts like the desired product in order to test its usefulness. The prototype is an essential part of the requirements determination phase, and may be created using tools different from those used for the final product. Once the prototype is approved, it is discarded and the "real" software is written. 


Incremental Model: The incremental model divides the product into builds, where sections of the project are created and tested separately. This approach will likely find errors in user requirements quickly, since user feedback is solicited for each stage and because code is tested sooner after it is written. 


Synchronize And Stabilize Model: The synchronize and stabilize method combines the advantages of the spiral model with technology for overseeing and managing source code. This method allows many teams to work efficiently in parallel.

 

Of all the above methodologies, “Synchronize and stabilize” is the best practice used.

 

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